EMERGING ANTICANCER MEDICINES: NOVEL MECHANISMS, THERAPEUTIC TARGETS, AND CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT PATHWAYS

Abstract

Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death throughout the world, challenging scientists to continue coming up with improved drugs. Chemotherapeutic agents inhibit cancer cell growth through prevention of various processes, such as DNA replication, cell division, and signaling to nearby cells. Conventional chemotherapy, targeted therapies that can selectively inhibit molecules, immunotherapies based on the application of the human body's immune system, and newer approaches like gene therapy and nanomedicine are some of the current treatment methods. While much has been developed, issues still exist, such as resistance of the cancer cells, toxic side effects, and the fact that cancer looks different in every person. Gene study advances of breakthroughs, discovery of the human genome, and drug delivery advances have led to more targeted and personalized treatment approaches. In this essay, new cancer drugs are critically examined with respect to their mechanisms of action, their uses in the real world, and the potential for treating cancer more effectively.

Keywords:

Tumor Microenvironment, Immunotherapy, Target Therapy, Chemotherapy, Molecular Oncology, Cancer Biology, Anticancer Drugs, Personalized Medicine, And Drug Resistance