Therapies Implications of Cytokines and Vaccines

Abstract

Cytokine-based therapeutics functions by modulating immunological homeostasis within the tumor microenvironment through targeted activation or suppression of immune effectors mechanisms. These regulatory proteins operate through autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine signaling pathways across diverse pathological contexts, including infection, autoimmunity, inflammation, and malignancy, where they coordinate both innate and adaptive immune responses. Understanding the pleiotropic nature of cytokines, their functional redundancy, overlapping biological activities and associated adverse effects is essential for therapeutic development. This review examines the clinical applications of cytokine therapies and their emerging role in vaccine immunology.

Keywords: Therapies Implications; Cytokines; Vaccine; Disease Therapeutics; Immunotherapy