Application of Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory to Reduce Postoperative Complications Following Phacoemulsification: A Case Study

Abstract

Background Insufficient self-management in the post-operative period can lead to increased complications and slower healing from surgery. In Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory (SCDNT), the importance of nursing in promoting self-care skills of the patients is highlighted to attain optimal outcomes. The purpose of the study is to show the use of Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory in minimizing complications and developing self-care behaviors after phacoemulsification. Methods The type of research design employed in the study was the descriptive case study design. The case study comprised a 65 year old male patient who had undergone an uneventful phacoemulsification surgery with the use of posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation due to age-related cataracts. The nursing process in which the nurse utilized to assess, plan, implement, and evaluate care was that of Orem's nursing system of supportive educative. Data collection was done through the use of a patient assessment form, self-care deficit list, and postoperative complications form. Results In this regard, the patient showed poor performance in terms of taking medication, eye care, warning sign recognition, and following postoperative instructions. However, through Orem-oriented strategies, the patient attained competence in all self-care activities evaluated. Knowledge scores increased from 40 percent before intervention to 95 percent after intervention. The patient exhibited proper behavior regarding taking medication, eye care, and follow-up visits during recovery. There were no postoperative problems such as infection, inflammation, high intraocular pressure, or any other vision problems experienced by the patient. Conclusion

Implementation of Orem’s Self-care Deficit Theory of Nursing increased self-care ability and ensured compliance with the care after surgery which resulted in a smooth recovery from the phacoemulsification surgery. Theory-driven nursing interventions can lead to better outcomes after surgery.