Association of Nutritional Status with Sleep Quality among University Students in Lahore, Pakistan

Abstract

Background: Sleep quality is a key determinant of physical and mental health, while nutritional status plays an important role in influencing sleep outcomes. This study examined the relationship between nutritional status and sleep quality among university students. Methodology: A cross-sectional design was used with 200 participants from five universities. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing dietary habits, meal patterns, appetite, and body weight changes, while sleep quality was measured using a modified Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data were analyzed using SPSS, and Chi-square tests were applied to assess associations. Results and Discussion: The sample included 54.0% females and 46.0% males, mostly aged 20–21 years (54.0%). Half of the participants had a normal BMI. Low intake of fruits and vegetables was observed, along with frequent fast food and sugary beverage consumption. The mean global sleep score was 6.62 ± 1.35, with 66.0% of students classified as poor sleepers. Significant associations were found between sleep quality and breakfast consumption, fast food intake, fruit and vegetable consumption, sugary drink intake, and number of daily meals (p < 0.05), while body weight change was not significant. The findings suggest that unhealthy dietary patterns are significantly linked with poor sleep quality among university students. Improving nutritional habits may enhance sleep health and overall well-being.