Impact of Thyroid Dysfunction on Liver Enzyme Abnormalities: A Cross-Sectional Study in Adult Patients
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20379601
Keywords:
Thyroid disorder, Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, Liver enzymes, ALT, AST, ALP, GGTAbstract
Background: The thyroid hormones are very important in metabolic homeostasis and hepatic functioning. Liver enzyme abnormalities have been linked to thyroid dysfunction, although the information in terms of adult population in Pakistan is scarce.
Aim: To evaluate the effects of thyroid malfunction on the liver enzyme abnormalities in adult patients.
Study Design: Analytic Cross-section study
Methods: Adult patients with hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism were recruited at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi within six months between November 2024 and April 2025. There was a collection of demographic information, thyroid functioning tests (TSH, FT3, FT4), and hepatic functioning tests (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, total bilirubin). Data were examined in SPSS v24, and Chi-square and t-tests were used; p ≤0.05 was taken as significant.
Results: Hypothyroidism was more common than hyperthyroidism in 323 study participants. In almost half of the patients, liver enzyme abnormalities were observed. The transaminase increased more in hypothyroid patients compared to hyperthyroid patients, who had higher levels of ALP and GGT. They also discovered a significant relationship between thyroid dysfunction and the occurrence of at least one of the abnormal liver enzymes (p = 0.047).
Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction has a strong correlation with liver enzyme abnormalities, with characteristic biochemical changes in the case of hypothyroid and hyperthyroid states. It is advised that liver functioning should be regularly measured in patients with thyroid diseases in order to prevent the emergence of hepatic involvement and treat the clinical process most effectively.
