COMPARITIVE BLOOD GROUP FREQUENCY RESEARCH ARTICLE

Abstract

The ABO blood group system is one of the most important and widely studied classification systems in human biology. First discovered by Karl Landsteiner in 1901, the ABO system classifies blood based on the presence or absence of two surface antigens—A and B—on red blood cells. The four major blood groups in this system are A, B, AB, and O, each with distinct antigenic properties and clinical relevance (Danieles,2023). In addition to ABO, the Rh system—primarily determined by the presence (Rh-positive) or absence (Rh-negative) of the D antigen—plays a vital role in transfusion compatibility and maternal-fetal health. Globally, Rh-positive individuals account for the majority of the population, with Rh positivity ranging from 85% to 95% depending on ethnicity and geography (Kaur & Singh, 2025; WHO, 2023). Rh incompatibility, particularly during pregnancy, can result in hemolytic disease of the newborn, underscoring its clinical importance. In addition to ABO, the Rh system—primarily determined by the presence (Rh-positive) or absence (Rh-negative) of the D antigen—plays a vital role in transfusion compatibility and maternal-fetal health. Globally, Rh-positive individuals account for the majority of the population, with Rh positivity ranging from 85% to 95% depending on ethnicity and geography (Kaur & Singh, 2025; WHO, 2023). Rh incompatibility, particularly during pregnancy, can result in hemolytic disease of the newborn, underscoring its clinical importance. According to the findings of results the most common blood groups is B+ and than O+ while others are rare in the population .On the others hand individual with Rh+ is 84% an 16% is Rh negative.

KEY WORDS: Comparative blood group frequency; ABO blood group; Rh factor; blood donation; population study; transfusion services;Rh incompatibility.