Relationship of Lipid Profile and Hypertension With Coronary Arteries Disease in Lady Reading Hospital (LRH) Peshawar

Abstract

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. Hypertension and dyslipidemia are among the most important modifiable risk factors contributing to the development and progression of CAD. This study aimed to determine the association of hypertension and lipid profile abnormalities with coronary artery disease among patients attending a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the Cardiology Unit of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar. A total of 200 participants diagnosed with CAD were selected through convenient sampling. Demographic characteristics, blood pressure status, and lipid profile parameters were recorded using a structured proforma. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 22. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, while Chi-square test was applied to determine the association between categorical variables. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the participants was 54.45 ± 12.97 years (range: 20–95 years), with males accounting for 62% of the study population. Hypertension was present in 152 (76%) participants, of whom 78% had CAD, demonstrating a significant association between hypertension and CAD (p<0.001). Dyslipidemia was identified in 125 (62.5%) participants, with 80% showing CAD compared to 40% among participants with normal lipid profiles (p<0.001). CAD prevalence increased with advancing age, and males were slightly more affected than females. Conclusion: Hypertension and dyslipidemia are strongly associated with coronary artery disease and remain major modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. Early detection, routine screening, and effective management of blood pressure and lipid abnormalities are essential to reduce the burden of CAD and improve cardiovascular outcome.