Association of Myocardial Infarction with Type I and Type II Diabetic patients at Rehman Medical Institute.

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and significantly increases the risk of myocardial infarction (MI). While both Type I and Type II diabetes predispose patients to coronary artery disease, differences in their association with MI remain inadequately explored in the local population. This study aimed to determine the association of myocardial infarction with Type I and Type II diabetes mellitus among patients presenting to Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar.

Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Cardiology at Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, from May to September 2021. A total of 194 diabetic patients with myocardial infarction were enrolled using a convenience sampling technique. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire after obtaining informed consent and ethical approval. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 22. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic and clinical characteristics, while the Chi-square test was applied to assess associations. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Among the 194 participants, 131 (67.5%) were males and 63 (32.5%) were females. The age of participants ranged from 27 to 85 years, with the highest frequency of MI observed in the 60–69 years age group (28.4%), followed by the 50–59 years age group (27.8%). Type II diabetes mellitus was present in 189 (97.4%) patients, whereas only 5 (2.6%) patients had Type I diabetes mellitus. Among male participants, 128 had Type II diabetes and 3 had Type I diabetes, while among females, 61 had Type II diabetes and 2 had Type I diabetes. No statistically significant association was found between age groups and the type of diabetes among MI patients (χ² = 3.487, p = 0.480). Similarly, no significant association was observed between gender and the type of diabetes in patients with MI (χ² = 0.133, p = 0.716).

Conclusion: Myocardial infarction was predominantly associated with Type II diabetes mellitus, whereas its occurrence among patients with Type I diabetes mellitus was uncommon. MI was more frequently observed in male patients and was most prevalent in individuals aged 50–69 years. These findings emphasize the importance of early screening, optimal glycemic control, and aggressive cardiovascular risk reduction strategies in patients with Type II diabetes to reduce the burden of myocardial infarction.