Assessment of Knowledge, Awareness, Attitude, and Perceived Barriers Regarding Cardiac arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation CPR Among Medical and Non-Medical Undergraduate Students in Kohat, Pakistan

Abstract

Background: Cardiac arrest is a major global public health concern and one of the leading causes of sudden death worldwide. Early recognition and immediate initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) significantly improve survival outcomes. University students represent a large and potentially responsive segment of the population who can act as bystanders during emergencies. However, limited data are available regarding their preparedness to respond to cardiac arrest, particularly in developing regions of Pakistan.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, awareness, attitude, and perceived barriers regarding cardiac arrest and CPR among medical and non-medical undergraduate students in Kohat, Pakistan.

Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed, and data were collected from undergraduate students of Khyber Medical University (KMU) and Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST). A structured and validated questionnaire was used to data. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including independent sample t-tests and one-way ANOVA, to determine differences across gender, faculty, and academic year.

Results: The findings revealed that overall knowledge and awareness levels were moderate but not satisfactory. Medical students demonstrated significantly higher knowledge and awareness scores compared to non-medical students (p < 0.001). Awareness levels also increased significantly with academic year, indicating that academic progression positively influences understanding of CPR. However, no statistically significant differences were observed between male and female students. Despite generally positive attitudes toward learning and performing CPR, participants reported several perceived barriers, including lack of confidence, fear of causing harm, and insufficient practical training.

Conclusion: The findings highlight the need to integrate structured CPR and basic life support training into undergraduate curricula, particularly for non-medical students. Regular hands-on workshops and awareness programs could improve students’ preparedness and potentially enhance survival outcomes in cardiac arrest cases within the community.