Prevalence And Severity Of Mitral Regurgitation Following Acute Myocardial Infarction Admitted To Tertiary Care Hospital In Peshawar

Abstract

Background: Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a frequent mechanical complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality. Early detection of MR following AMI is essential for timely management and improved clinical outcomes.Objective: To determine the prevalence and severity of mitral regurgitation among patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction at a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Cardiology Department and Coronary Care Unit of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar. Data were collected retrospectively from medical records and echocardiography reports of 252 patients diagnosed with AMI. Demographic characteristics, AMI types, risk factors, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), prevalence and severity of MR, and associated complications were analyzed using SPSS version 25.  Results: Of the 252 patients, 69% were male and 31% were female. The majority of patients (43.3%) were aged 50–59 years. Anterior wall myocardial infarction was the most common AMI type (53.6%). Hypertension (61.9%) and diabetes mellitus (36.5%) were the leading risk factors. Mitral regurgitation was identified in 234 (92.9%) patients. Regarding severity, mild MR was observed in 53.4%, moderate MR in 36.8%, and severe MR in 9.8% of patients. Heart failure was the most common complication (10.3%), followed by cardiogenic shock and arrhythmias (5.6% each). Conclusion: Mitral regurgitation is highly prevalent among patients following acute myocardial infarction, with mild MR being the most frequently observed severity grade. Routine echocardiographic evaluation after AMI is recommended to facilitate early diagnosis, risk assessment, and appropriate management of MR, thereby improving patient outcomes.

Keywords- Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI), Mitral Regurgitation (MR), Echocardiography, Prevalence, Severity, Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF), Heart Failure