Effect Of Preoperative Patients’ Characteristics on Cardiopulmonary Bypass Time, Icu Stay and Mortality After Cabg

Abstract

Background: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a significant technology which temporarily replaces the heart and lungs during significant cardiac and vascular surgery. It replaces the functions of circulation and oxygenation enabling surgeons to work in a still and bloodless field. The patients who need CABG are often elderly and are living with multiple other chronic health issues, furthermore, they are undergoing a technically challenging procedure these factors directly influence on the length of time a patient has to spend on the bypass machine. This is not merely a surgical fact it is a determining factor that has a direct relationship with the recovery and this aspect directly affects the period of time within the intensive care unit as well as the survival rates.

Methodology: The retrospective study involved 200 patients that were subjected to CABG. Patient demographics such as age, blood pressure, gender, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and hyperlipidemia and ejection fraction were taken preoperatively. To determine relationships between patient features and surgical outcomes, statistical techniques were used.  

Results: Low ejection fraction showed significant relationship with prolong ICU stay and mortality. Chi-square analysis showed that diabetes mellitus has major association with mortality but it is not an independent predictor whereas ordinal regression showed smoking and low ejection fraction as independent predictors of post-operative mortality.

Conclusion: This study shows that smoking status and left ventricular ejection fraction are important indicators of postoperative mortality in CABG patients. While other preoperative factors, such as age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, had no discernible independent impact on cardiopulmonary bypass time or ICU stay, reduced ejection fraction was likewise linked to longer ICU stays. The results indicate that operating circumstances, not patient characteristics, are the main determinants of CPB duration. Prioritizing preoperative cardiac function evaluation and quitting smoking may enhance postoperative results and survival.