Association Between Vitamin D3 Levels and Diabetic Nephropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Keywords:
Diabetic Nephropathy, Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, Kidney Disease, Serum Vitamin D3, Vitamin D DeficiencyAbstract
Objectives: To determine the serum Vitamin D3 levels and assess the presence of diabetic nephropathy in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Study Design and Setting: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Medicine Departments of Bolan and Jhalawan Medical College Hospital (1-April-2024 to 31-March-2025).
Methodology: The study included 316 type 2 diabetes patients, aged 35–70 with Type 2 Diabetes for five years or more. Blood and urine samples were taken to assess Vitamin D3 levels and kidney function. Data on blood pressure, diabetes duration, and treatment were collected. Analyzed by SPSS V26, statistical tests assessed the link with diabetic nephropathy.
Results: Mean age was 55.8 ± 8.6 years. Males were 178 (56.3%) and females 138 (43.7%). Most lived in urban areas 204 (64.6%). The average diabetes duration was 9.7± 4.2 years. Treatments were oral hypoglycemic agents in 142 (44.9%), insulin in 81 (25.6%), and both in 93 (29.4%). Vitamin D3 deficiency (<20 ng/mL) was found in 229 (72.5%). Diabetic nephropathy (DN) was present in 189 (59.8%). DN patients had lower Vitamin D3 levels (p < 0.05). Hypertension was higher in DN (75.7%) than non-DN (44.1%), p < 0.001. Insulin use was also higher in DN (36.5%) than non-DN (11.0%), p < 0.001. Hyperlipidemia was more common in DN (p = 0.001). Family history showed no significant difference (p = 0.27).
Conclusion: Low Vitamin D3 levels were linked to diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes patients. Vitamin D3 may play a role in kidney damage in diabetes.
