Assessment of risk factors associated with cardiovascular patients and incidence of other related diseases

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular disease is leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Approximately 17.5 million fatalities globally are attributed to it, with low- and middle-income nations accounting 80% death. Stress from repetitive tasks is common reason for teachers, and linked to chronic illnesses among professionals. Objectives: The current study was aimed to investigate risk factors, dietary and physical activities with incidence of related diseases in cardiovascular patients. Methods: A Google Form-based questionnaire was designed to gather patient’s demographic data, medical diagnostic data, and clinical investigation data. Data was obtained from patients who were both admitted and visiting Hospital, as well as from their medical files. Results: A majority of patients were male than females, with CVDs more prevalent among males in rural areas. Age >50 years was prevalent in 50% of patients, indicating age as significant risk factor for CVDs. Specifically, 41.06% had coronary artery disease, and 31.79% experienced heart attack, while atrial fibrillation affected 1.32%. Family history of CVD comprises 45.03% of population. Former smokers constituted 30.46%, current smokers 15.89%, and 53.64% had never smoked. About 62.91% reported little exercise, and nutritional habits varied, with 80.79% consuming moderate salt and 53.64% seldom consuming fruits and vegetables. Cholesterol assessment revealed high levels in 39.07% for total cholesterol, 29.80% for LDL cholesterol, and 24.50% for triglycerides, indicating substantial portion of population at risk. Conclusion: This concludes clinical and demographic characteristics of those having cardiovascular evaluations. It suggested the need for targeted interventions addressing modifiable risk factors to prevent and manage cardiovascular diseases effectively. 

Keywords: Cardiovascular Disease, Stress, Cholesterol, Risk Factors, Heart Attack