Assessing the Accuracy of Ultrasound and Mammography in Diagnosing Fibroadenoma among Patients with High Breast Density

Abstract

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies among women worldwide and remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. This study evaluates that early and accurate detection is essential for improving patient outcomes. Imaging modalities such as mammography and ultrasonography (USG) play a crucial role in the evaluation of breast lesions. However, factors such as breast density may influence diagnostic accuracy. Mammography is considered the gold standard for screening, but its sensitivity decreases in dense breast tissue, where ultrasound may provide additional diagnostic value.

Objective: This study evaluates and compares the diagnostic performance of ultrasound and mammography in detecting fibroadenomas within dense breast tissue.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted including 140 patients presenting with breast-related complaints. Mammography and ultrasonography were performed for all participants. Data regarding age, breast density, imaging findings, BI-RADS categories, and final diagnosis were collected. Patients were categorized based on breast density (A–D), BI-RADS classification, and lesion characteristics. Detection rates of both imaging modalities were assessed, and statistical analysis including chi-square tests was performed to evaluate associations between imaging findings and final diagnosis.

Results: The findings revealed that ultrasound achieved a higher lesion detection rate of 86.4% compared to mammography, which stood at 82.1%. Furthermore, higher BI-RADS categories in both modalities were strongly associated with an increased risk of malignancy.

Conclusion: While mammography remains an essential screening tool, adjunct ultrasonography is crucial for improving diagnostic accuracy and successfully detecting lesions in patients with dense breasts.