Evaluate The Burden Of Cardiometabolic Disorders In Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Abstract

PCOS or Poly cystic ovarian syndrome is a condition in which numerous small rounded sacs filled with fluid grow on the ovaries in women of reproductive age. The manifestations of PCOS are Insulin resistance, Obesity, Hyperandrogenism, Hyper prolactinoma, Amenorrhea or Oligomenorrhea, Hirsutism, Acanthosis Nigricans, Infertility, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Metabolic syndrome, Cardiovascular diseases.

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 120 females from Karachi aged 18–40 years, comprising 60 diagnosed cases of PCOS and 60 healthy controls. Anthropometric indices including body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and percent body fat were assessed along with blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), lipid profile, and fasting plasma insulin levels. Insulin resistance was evaluated using the HOMA-IR model, and β-cell function and insulin sensitivity were assessed using HOMA2 calculator version 2.2.3. Pregnant and menopausal females were excluded from the study. The mean age of participants was 28.4 years, with no statistically significant difference between PCOS and control groups (p = 0.061). Anthropometric analysis revealed that BMI and percent body fat were significantly higher in PCOS patients (p < 0.001), whereas no significant difference was observed in waist-to-hip ratio (p = 0.704). Among hemodynamic parameters, diastolic blood pressure was significantly elevated in PCOS patients (p < 0.001), while systolic blood pressure showed no significant difference (p = 0.168).

Biochemical parameters including cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting plasma glucose, and fasting plasma insulin were significantly higher in PCOS patients compared to controls (p < 0.01). HOMA-IR analysis indicated significantly increased insulin resistance in PCOS patients (p < 0.001). Additionally, percent β-cell function was significantly elevated (p = 0.003), whereas β-cell sensitivity was significantly reduced (p < 0.001) in the PCOS group.

It is concluded that obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance and hypertension is prevailing in PCOS patient. The polycystic ovary syndrome patients show symptoms like obesity, acne, Hirsutism, diabetes, menstrual irregularity, insulin resistance and sedentary life style. Polycystic ovary syndrome is very critical condition and its long-term consequences have devastating effects on life in this regard further research should be done to provide more awareness about this disease. The study was aimed to create awareness about polycystic ovary syndrome in our population and to educate people about the complications of polycystic ovary syndrome. The guideline developed from the study will help the proper diagnosis and treatment of PCOS in Pakistani population.