CORRELATION OF SERUM TUMOR MARKERS (AFP & Β-HCG) WITH ULTRASOUND FINDINGS IN TESTICULAR LESION

Abstract

Background : Testicular lesions present a diagnostic challenge requiring accurate differentiation between the benign and malignant conditions. Serum tumor markers such as AFP and β-hCG along with ultrasound tools are used commonly. However, their combined diagnostic value needs further evaluation.

Objective: To determine the correlation between serum tumor markers (AFP and β-hCG) and ultrasound findings in patients with testicular lesions. The study also aims to assess their effectiveness in differentiating benign and malignant conditions.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 patients presenting with testicular lesions. Serum AFP and β-hCG levels were measured and correlated with ultrasound findings. Final diagnosis was established based on clinical and diagnostic evaluation.

Results: Elevated AFP and β-hCG levels showed a strong association with malignant lesions. Malignant ultrasound patterns were observed in all patients who had elevated AFP with a very significant association (p<0.001). Malignant ultrasound patterns were observed in nearly all patients with high β-hCG levels (97.7%, p<0.001). Small and large lesions showed no meaningful difference in malignancy proportions (p=0.870). Malignancy proportions were similar in both well-defined and irregular margins and there was no significant association (p=0.928). A combined approach improved diagnostic accuracy.

Conclusion: Serum tumor markers AFP and β-hCG are highly reliable in differentiating malignant from benign testicular lesions. Ultrasound alone may not be sufficient for definitive diagnosis. Integration of biochemical and imaging findings enhances clinical decision-making.