Prevalence of Peptic Ulcer and its associated factors in admitted patients at Tertiary Care Hospital (SGTH) swat

Abstract

Peptic ulcer disease remains a significant gastrointestinal health problem worldwide and is commonly associated with Helicobacter pylori infection, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use, and unhealthy lifestyle factors. This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence of peptic ulcer disease and its associated factors among admitted patients in the gastroenterology ward of Saidu Group of Teaching Hospital (SGTH), Swat. A total of 120 patients were included through convenient sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering socio-demographic characteristics, medical history, lifestyle factors, and clinical symptoms. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used for data analysis. The findings revealed a higher prevalence among males (65%) compared to females (35%), and among rural residents (76.66%). Common associated factors included NSAID use (88%), regular tea/coffee consumption (92.5%), smoking (33.33%), stress (93.33%), and family history of peptic ulcer disease (38.33%). Frequently reported symptoms were acid reflux/heartburn (93.33%), nausea and vomiting (91.66%), fatigue and weakness (91.66%), abdominal discomfort (88.66%), and bloating (73.33%). Statistical analysis showed significant associations between peptic ulcer disease and caffeine intake, NSAID use, spicy food consumption, and acid reflux symptoms (p < 0.05). The study concludes that peptic ulcer disease is highly prevalent among hospitalized patients and is strongly linked with modifiable risk factors. Public awareness, lifestyle modification, rational NSAID use, and early screening for H. pylori infection are recommended to reduce disease burden.