Predictive Value Of Pre-Operative Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction For Post-Operative Arrhythmia And Mortality Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: An Observational Study

Abstract

Background:: Following cardiac surgery, postoperative arrhythmias are frequent and substantial side effects. This study examines the wider prognostic practicality of decreased preoperative LVEF for postoperative consequences, including arrhythmias frequency, across a variety of cardiac surgical procedures, and mortality although it predicts poor outcomes in CABG. In patients having on pump CABG, this study seeks to determine if a lower preoperative LVEF is a risk factor of postoperative arrhythmia and mortality subsequent to them. Methodology: A cross sectional retrospective observational study was performed on 300 patients experiencing a preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of ≤40% who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The main results were in hospital mortality and postoperative arrhythmias. Chi Square test was used to assess association between preoperative LVEF values and postoperative arrhythmias and mortality. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors, associated with postoperative arrhythmias and mortality. Statistical significance was defined as a p-value of less than 0.05. Results: The preoperative LVEF was notably decreased in patients who developed postoperative arrhythmias and those who experienced mortality. There was a significant association between reduced LVEF and these complications (p<0.001). LVEF was an independent predictor of arrhythmias and mortality in this study of 300 patients. Conclusion: Low preoperative LVEF is a strong independent predictor of postoperative arrhythmias and mortality in CABG patients. Those with severely reduced LVEF are at high risk for complications such as ventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and low cardiac output syndrome, underscoring the need for careful perioperative management despite the overall long term survival benefits of CABG.

Keywords:: Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), postoperative arrhythmias, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and mortality.