ETIOLOGY AND DRUG SENSITIVITY PATTRENS OF URINARY TRACT PATHOGENS ISOLATED FROM DISTRICT MANSHERA AND USE OF BACTERIOPHAGE THERAPY

Abstract

Among the most often acquired bacterial illnesses in hospitals and the community are urinary tract infections. While cystitis (bladder infection) is infection of the lower urinary tract, pyelonephritis kidney infection is infection of the upper urinary tract. The cystitis symptoms include pain with urination and frequent urine. Apart from the cystitis symptoms, pyelonephritis also causes fever and flank pain. In female than in male urinary tract infections are more common. About 10% of women have a urinary tract infection every year; more than half have one in their lifetime; 2 to 8% of children under the age of 10 years have one as well. In frequent urinary tract infections, gram negative bacteria are the primary cause. Urinary tract infections also result from less often gram positive bacteria.The urinary tract infection gets complicated due to emergence of antibiotic resistance bacteria. The present study was aimed to isolate and identify the commonly encountered pathogens causing UTI in district Mansehra. Furthermore, antibiotic resistance pattern was determined and previously isolated and characterized bacteriophages were also applied to test their in vitro efficacy against the resistant bacterial strains. The samples were collected from patients of different age and sex at King Abdullah hospital, Mansehra medical complex, and Regional health center Shankyari Mansehra inside sterilized containers. Biochemical tests and Gram staining helped confirm the infections. Five distinct uropathogens were recovered from 920 samples using the Kirby-Bauer method on MHA media 740 samples were positive for E. coli, 55 for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 84 for Staphylococcus aureus, and 41 for E. faecalis. Urinary tract infections were common in women as opposed to men. UTIs were more common in ages greater than 20 years (32.60%), ages less than 60 years (53.36%), and ages greater than 60 years (4.56%). Our research reveals that E. coli is the primary causal agent. It is an MDR pathogen so I can apply bacteriophage treatment against it.