Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Using Gynecological Ultrasound among Female of Reproductive Age at Northwest General Hospital

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age and poses significant reproductive and metabolic health challenges. This cross- sectional study conducted at Northwest General Hospital investigated the prevalence of PCOS and its associated risk factors among 90 females of reproductive age using clinical history and gynecological ultrasound. We found a high prevalence of PCOS at 66.7%, underscoring its commonality in this population. While the mean age between PCOS and non-PCOS groups was similar, women with PCOS had a significantly higher body mass index (BMI), highlighting overweight and obesityas major contributors to the syndrome. Clinical features such as irregular menstrual cycles, hirsutism, and acne were strongly associated with PCOS, with irregular menstruation emerging as the strongest independent predictor (OR=5.5). History of infertility was also significantly more frequent among PCOS patients. Multivariate logistic regression confirmed BMI, menstrual irregularities, hirsutism, acne, and infertility history as independent predictors of PCOS, whereas age and thyroid disorders showed no significant independent associations. Although comorbidities like diabetes and hypertension were present, they did not differ significantly between groups in this cohort. These findings emphasize the importance of routine screening for PCOS in women presenting with menstrual irregularities and androgenic symptoms, alongside focused interventions targeting modifiable factors such as obesity. Early diagnosis aided by ultrasound and comprehensive lifestyle management could improve clinical outcomes and quality of life in affected women. This study contributes valuable epidemiological and clinical insights relevant to PCOS management in regional healthcare settings.