FREQUENCY OF RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH KIDNEY NEPHROLITHIASIS IN KPK – A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Abstract

Background: Kidney nephrolithiasis are mineral deposits in the crusts of the kidneys and pelvis that are released or stuck to the kidney papillae. Contains transparent and normal parts and boxes where urine is supersaturated with respect to a minerals.

Aims and objectives: To record the frequency of various intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors of kidney nephrolithiasis in KPK, to aid in the prevention and management of the frequent risk factors to reduce the burden of nephrolithiasis.

Material and Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study using non-probability convenient sampling technique consisting of 150 participants with kidney nephrolithiasis after applying selection criteria. Approval was taken from the Institutional Review and Ethical Committee (IR&EC) of Iqra National University and from the department of urology of Institute of Kidney Diseases (IKD) Peshawar. Close ended questionnaire was used to collect data and for data analysis using SSPS Version-22.

Results: In our study 150 cases of kidney nephrolithiasis with mean age 35 year, 54% with kidney stone, 60% hypertensive, 81% diabetes millets, 71% have the history of chronic kidney diseases, 86% cardiovascular disease, 67% family history of kidney stones, and 63% have the history of Recurrent UTI.

Conclusion: Obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, positive family history of nephrolithiasis, male sex, smoking, recurrent urinary tract infections, weekly consumption of red meat, and inadequate water intake (less than eight glasses per day) were identified as major risk factors for kidney stone formation. In contrast, the consumption of beverages such as tea and carbonated drinks showed no significant association with the development of kidney stones.