Investigation of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy Cases at Abu Ali Sina Regional Teaching Hospital, Balkh

Abstract

Introduction: Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare disease that occurs during the late stages of pregnancy or up to five months postpartum, characterized by reduced cardiac function and left ventricular failure. This condition can lead to serious complications and maternal mortality. Due to the similarity of its symptoms with normal physiological changes in pregnancy, diagnosis is often delayed.

Objective: This study aims to investigate cases of PPCM at Abu Ali Sina Regional Teaching Hospital, Balkh, and to identify its incidence, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and treatment outcomes.

Methodology: A descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 32 pregnant women with cardiac problems at this center. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27, employing both descriptive and inferential statistical methods.

Findings: Among the 32 patients evaluated, 9 (28.1%) were diagnosed with PPCM. The mean age of affected women was 32 years. The most common symptoms were dyspnea (70%) and severe fatigue (65%). Comparisons of mean age and blood pressure between affected and non-affected patients, as potential risk factors, were statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The results indicate that PPCM has a notable prevalence in the studied population, highlighting the need for early recognition and proper management. Training healthcare personnel and educating pregnant women on symptom recognition are essential to prevent complications and reduce morbidity. This study may serve as a basis for future research and maternal health planning in Afghanistan.