Prevalence and Infestation of the Chewing Louse Heleonomus Adnani (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) on Cranes (GRUS GRUS) in Wildlife Park Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan

Abstract

Ectoparasites are important indicators of avian ecology and health, more in particular in the context of captive and semi-captive birds. As birds are kept in close contact with one another, parasite transmission is facilitated through ectoparasites. The aim of the study was to understand the prevalence and distribution of chewing louse Heleonomus adnani (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae ) on Common Crane (Grus grus) in Wildlife Park Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan. A total of 24 cranes were examined using standard techniques for collection of ectoparasites. 11 individuals were infested with lice, making for an overall prevalence of 45.83%. A total of 73 lice were recovered from infested birds, resulting in a mean intensity of 6.64 lice per infested host and an infestation range of 2–8 lice within the given time period of study. Across the body of the host, there was uneven distribution. Measurements of the distribution of the specimens were taken in descending order which are tail, wings, breast, abdomen, cloacal region, and head and neck Findings also reflect body site preferences of  G. grus within the study area and conclude that H. adnani, in the given context, is an effective and prevalent ectoparasite. The study quantifies the level of chewing louse infestation on cranes at Wildlife Park Dera Ismail Khan for the first time and adds to the very little information on crane ectoparasites in Pakistan with the possible use in avian health monitoring and management in wildlife parks.