Parental Self-Medication and Its Associated Factors in Children in Community Pharmacy and Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Peshawar

Abstract

Self-medication is a widespread global phenomenon, especially prevalent in developing countries. This study investigates the prevalence, patterns, and underlying factors of parental self-medication in children aged 0–17 in both community and hospital settings in Peshawar, Pakistan. The findings highlight the frequent use of over-the-counter medications such as antipyretics and antibiotics without prescriptions, potential health risks, and the role of socio-demographic variables. Awareness and regulation are essential to curb inappropriate self-medication and its long-term consequences.Self-medication refers to the act of using medicines, including prescription drugs, without consulting a healthcare professional. Globally, it is a widespread practice, particularly in developing nations where access to healthcare may be limited, and health literacy remains a challenge. In the context of Peshawar, Pakistan, the issue of parental self-medication in children has emerged as a significant public health concern.