Prevalence and Pattern of Dyslipidemia Among Hypertensive Adults in District Swat

Abstract

Background: Hypertension and dyslipidemia are both effective, modifiable risks factors in cardiovascular disease (CVD) with a threatening synergistic impact. Although non-communicable diseases are high on burden in Pakistan, limited data of dyslipidemia patterns among hypertensive populations, including District Swat has not been available in the region.

Objective: This research paper had to find out the prevalence and trend of dyslipidemia among hypertensive adulthood in the District Swat.

Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study that took place at the Saidu Teaching Hospital Swat whereby 250 adults with hypertension were recruited. Sociodemographic and clinical were assessed, and fasting lipids analyzed. Dyslipidemia was identified according to National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III).

Results: Dyslipidemia was common with 78.0 percent. Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (62.8 percent), high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (48.4 percent), hypertriglyceridemia (45.2 percent) and high total cholesterol (41.6 percent) were the most prevalent lipid abnormalities. The most common pattern was combined dyslipidemia (two or more abnormalities) (52.4%), and the most common was the occurrence of low HDL-C and high LDL-C (28.0%). Obesity (95.5% vs. 54.4% in obese and normal-weight, respectively) and male sex (83.6% vs. 72.1% in males and females, respectively) had a significant influence on dyslipidemia.

Conclusion: District Swat has a high prevalence of dyslipidemia characterized by atherogenic patterns of low HDL-C and combined lipid abnormalities amongst hypertensive adults. This is a strong indication of a high-risk factor in the area of public health and the necessity of an integrated approach to management, such as regular lipid screening and aggressive lifestyle and clinical drug treatment to reduce the risk of CVD in such a group.