Hematological Findings in Hyper ige Syndrome Patients from Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17510430

Abstract

Hyper IgE Syndromes (HIES) are uncommon primary immunological deficits that are typified by high serum IgE levels, eosinophilia, lung infections, recurring eczema, and skin abscesses. Because of their genetic origins, the two types that were first identified as separate illnesses now possess overlapping clinical features but show different symptoms and disease outcomes. Our study involved 100 patients with hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome (HIES) and elevated IgE, randomly selected from hospitals in Hyderabad, alongside 100 matched controls with no Hyper IgE history. A self-structured questionnaire was administered to gather data on sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors. Blood samples were taken for hematological assessment using a Hitachi Cobass 1000 auto-analyzer. Statistical analysis was performed using the student's t-test, ANOVA, and SPSS version 21, with a significance level of p<0.05 at a 95% confidence interval. The study results found that patients with Hyper-IgE Syndrome (HIES) were more likely to be students (37% vs. 19%), predominantly male (57%), and aged 5 to 25 (13%). Symptoms such as shortness of breath, skin rashes, pulmonary infections, and recurring eosinophilia were more prevalent. Chest pain, seasonal allergens, and high fever were associated with HIES, while fast food intake did not affect patient status. Strong correlations were found between bacterial infections and ill health with HIES. Additionally, Complete Blood Count analysis revealed significantly higher levels of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils in patients, indicating ongoing inflammation or infection. Study concluded that Patients with Hyper-IgE Syndrome (HIES) are mostly male (57%), aged 5 to 25, and often students (37%). Key symptoms include breathlessness, skin rashes, recurring eosinophilia, fever, seasonal allergies, and chest pain. While fast food does not significantly impact the condition, bacterial infections are linked to poorer health outcomes. Blood tests commonly show elevated neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils, indicating active infection or inflammation.