FREQUENCY AND MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS OF YOUNG ONSET STROKE IN PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH STROKE IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17267310

Abstract

Background: Stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with a rising burden among younger adults, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Despite Pakistan being the fifth-most populous country, limited data exist regarding the frequency and modifiable risk factors of young-onset stroke. Objective: To determine the frequency and modifiable risk factors of young-onset stroke in patients presenting with stroke at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Neurology, National Hospital and Medical Centre, Lahore, from December 2024 to April 2025. A total of 90 patients, aged 18–80 years, who presented with acute neurological deficits suggestive of stroke were enrolled using non-probability consecutive sampling. Stroke diagnosis and type were confirmed via neuroimaging. Patients aged ≤45 years were categorized as young-onset stroke. Data regarding modifiable risk factors including diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and smoking were collected. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 27. Numerical variables were presented as mean ± SD, and categorical variables as frequencies and percentages. Chi-square test was applied, with p ≤ 0.05 considered significant. Results: It is expected that approximately one-third of the patients will present with young-onset stroke. Ischemic stroke is anticipated to be the most frequent subtype, followed by hemorrhagic stroke and cerebral venous thrombosis. Hypertension, smoking, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity are expected to emerge as significant modifiable risk factors. Conclusion: This study provided valuable insights into the burden and preventable causes of young-onset stroke in Pakistan. The findings guided clinicians and policymakers to adopt effective preventive strategies and awareness programs, ultimately reducing stroke-related disability and mortality in younger populations.