THE ROLE OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN EVALUATING NEPHROLITHIASIS AND ASSESSING RISK FACTORS IN PATIENTS AT LADY READING HOSPITAL

Abstract

Nephrolithiasis or kidney stone are increasing in incidence and prevalence worldwide, which are significant clinical challenges in management. Kidney stones are solid salt and mineral deposits. The stones affect the kidney by causing hydronephrosis and may lead to kidney failure. The frequency of kidney stones was determined in Pakistan including other places. The purpose of our study is to determine the prevalence of nephrolithiasis and assess the risk factors on computed tomography. The study was conducted at Lady Reading Hospital. The cross-sectional based study was a non-probability convenient sampling technique was selected. The sample size was 216. Duration of research project was 4-6months.From the result of our study, it was examined that there is slightly rise in frequency of male individuals with the presence of kidney stones in their body as compared to females’ individuals. The ratio includes 136 males and 80 females. We divided our study population into age groups in which age groups (31-45) have higher percentage of kidney stones, about 32.41%. The frequency of most observed symptoms includes flank pain (215), dysuria (159), nausea/vomiting (178) and frequency/urgency (173). The risk factors include lack of fluid intake and usage of high sodium and oxalated diet. As the data collected from the sample population who visit to radiology department of Lady Reading Hospital for computed tomography it is concluded that the frequency of kidney stones occur higher in male as compared to female 

Keywords: Nephrolithiasis, Hydronephrosis, fluid intake, stone formation, renal calculi and risk factors.