Assessment of knowledge regarding breast self-examination among nurses of Punjab Institute of Neurosciences

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is a major public health concern among women worldwide. Early identification of breast abnormalities can facilitate timely medical evaluation and treatment. Breast self-examination (BSE) is a simple method that can increase awareness of normal breast appearance and help women recognize unusual changes. Nurses play an important role in providing breast health education; therefore, adequate knowledge regarding BSE is important for effective patient education and health promotion. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the level of knowledge regarding breast self-examination among nurses at the Punjab Institute of Neurosciences, Lahore. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from January to July 2026 among 160 nurses at the Punjab Institute of Neurosciences, Lahore. Participants were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire consisting of 10 knowledge items regarding BSE. Each correct response was scored as 1, while an incorrect or “Don't know” response was scored as 0. The total knowledge score ranged from 0 to 10 and was categorized as poor (0–4), moderate (5–7), and good (8–10). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, mean, and standard deviation. Results: The findings showed that 142 (88.8%) nurses had heard about BSE, while 138 (86.3%) knew that BSE could be performed at home. A total of 130 (81.3%) nurses recognized that unusual breast changes should be reported to a healthcare professional. However, only 103 (64.4%) correctly identified nipple changes or unusual discharge as possible warning signs. Regarding overall knowledge, 94 (58.8%) nurses demonstrated moderate knowledge, 34 (21.3%) had poor knowledge, and 32 (20.0%) had good knowledge. The overall mean knowledge score was 6.34 ± 2.08 out of 10, indicating a moderate level of knowledge. Conclusion: The study concluded that the majority of nurses had a moderate level of knowledge regarding breast self-examination. Although general awareness of BSE was relatively high, gaps were identified in specific areas, particularly the recognition of nipple changes, unusual discharge, and other breast abnormalities. Strengthening breast health education and providing regular training on BSE may improve nurses’ knowledge and enhance their ability to provide appropriate breast health education to patients and the community.