PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B AND THEIR RISK FACTORS IN DISTRICT DERA ISMAIL KHAN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PAKISTAN

Abstract

Background: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is a major public health concern worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Chronic HBV infection may lead to severe liver diseases, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In Pakistan, HBV remains a significant health challenge, particularly in areas with limited healthcare resources and awareness. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among participants from District Dera Ismail Khan. Demographic data and information regarding potential risk factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. Blood samples were obtained and screened for Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) using standard laboratory procedures. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods to determine prevalence and associated risk factors. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus infection and identify its associated risk factors among the population of District Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Results: The prevalence of HBV infection was determined among the study population. Significant risk factors associated with HBV infection included history of blood transfusion, surgical procedures, dental treatment, use of contaminated needles, barber shaving practices, and family history of hepatitis infection. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the strength of association between these risk factors and HBV infection. Conclusion: Hepatitis B remains an important public health problem in District Dera Ismail Khan. The identification of major risk factors highlights the need for increased public awareness, vaccination programs, safe healthcare practices, and regular screening to reduce the burden of HBV infection in the region.

Keywords: Hepatitis B Virus, HBV, Prevalence, Risk Factors, HBsAg, Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan