BIOMECHANICAL CHANGES IN POSTURE DURING PREGNANCY AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH LOW BACK AND PELVIC GIRDLE PAIN: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Abstract

Background: Pregnancy causes significant biomechanical and postural adaptations, including increased lumbar lordosis, anterior pelvic tilt, altered gait, and reduced balance. These changes are commonly associated with low back pain (LBP) and pelvic girdle pain (PGP), affecting maternal function and quality of life.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar up to June 2026. Studies investigating postural and biomechanical changes during pregnancy and their association with LBP and PGP were included. Data were extracted using a standardized form, and methodological quality was assessed using the NIH Quality Assessment Tool. Owing to methodological heterogeneity, findings were synthesized narratively.

Results: The included studies consistently reported increased lumbar lordosis, anterior pelvic tilt, altered gait mechanics, impaired balance, and foot morphological changes during pregnancy. These biomechanical adaptations were associated with a higher prevalence of LBP and PGP, although variations in assessment methods limited direct comparisons between studies.

Conclusion: Pregnancy-related biomechanical changes are closely associated with LBP and PGP. Early identification of these adaptations and appropriate physiotherapy interventions may improve maternal health outcomes. Further high-quality longitudinal studies with standardized assessment methods are recommended.