Effectiveness of intravenous nalbuphine and midazolam as premedication in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21468772Keywords:
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), Nalbuphine, Midazolam, Premedication, General anesthesia, Preoperative anxiety, Postoperative pain, Hemodynamic stability.Abstract
Background: Patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) often experience preoperative anxiety, hemodynamic fluctuations, and postoperative pain. Although nalbuphine and midazolam are commonly used individually, evidence regarding their combined use as premedication in PCNL is limited.
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous nalbuphine and midazolam premedication in reducing preoperative anxiety, maintaining hemodynamic stability, reducing postoperative pain in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy under general anesthesia.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 patients undergoing elective PCNL under general anesthesia at two hospitals of Lahore. Preoperative anxiety (VAS-A), heart rate, blood pressure, and postoperative pain (VAS) were assessed before and after intravenous nalbuphine and midazolam administration. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired t-tests in SPSS version 27.0.
Results: Premedication with intravenous nalbuphine and midazolam significantly reduced preoperative anxiety (p<0.001) and improved postoperative pain scores (p<0.001). No significant changes were observed in heart rate or blood pressure (p>0.05), indicating good hemodynamic stability.
Conclusion: Intravenous nalbuphine and midazolam are effective and safe premedication combination for patients undergoing PCNL under general anesthesia. It provides significant anxiolysis, satisfactory postoperative analgesia, and maintains stable hemodynamic parameters.
