Antibiogram Profile and Biofilm Development of Clinical Gram-Negative Bacterial Isolates from Urinary Tract Infection

Abstract

A urinary tract infection affects mostly the urinary system including urethra, bladder, kidneys, and ureters primarily caused by Gram positive and negative bacteria and poses a major health issue nowadays. The current study aim was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility/resistance profiles of gram-negative bacterial isolates as well as the biofilm formation ability of Gram -negative bacteria obtained from UTIs patients. This was basically a cross-sectional study, and the duration of the study was from July 2024- December 2024. A total of 80 urine samples of urinary tract infection patients were collected from Rehman Medical Institute Peshawar. Isolates were identified using Gram staining procedures, selective and differential media and through various biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility assay was done using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. A total of 80 isolates were preceded in the current study, out of the total isolates 40 were E. coli, 32 were K. pneumonia, 7 were P. aeruginosa while only one isolate was identified as Proteus mirabilis. In E. coli isolates the highest resistivity was observed against ceftazidime and ceftriaxone (67.5%) each, while highest sensitivity was observed against Fosfomycin in 90% of isolates, while in the case of K. pneumonia the highest resistivity was observed against ceftazidime and cefotaxime (71.87%) each, while highest sensitivity was observed against meropenem and tigecycline in 87.5% of isolates. In P. aeruginosa the highest resistivity was observed against ceftazidime (57.14%), while highest sensitivity was observed against colistin in 100% isolates. The highest resistance pattern against commonly used antibiotics may pose a great challenge to medical practitioners. Other than the antibiotic resistance the biofilm-forming ability of these Resistant strains also creates a challenge for clinicians.

Keywords: Antibiotic Resistance, Biofilm formation, K. pneumonia, P. aeruginosa

INTRODUCTION