INVESTIGATION THE PREVALANCE AND DEMOGRAPHIC PATTERN OF PLASMODIUM VIVAX IN THE SUSPECTED PATIENT OF DISTRICT KARAK

Abstract

Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasite and mainly transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes. While there are 530 species of anopheles mosquitoes, only approximately 68 of them are capable of transmitting the malaria parasite. Infections can also occur through exposure to mosquito bite. Plasmodium encompasses various species, with Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum being prevalent in human population. The aims of current study, is to investigate the prevalence and demographic pattern of P. vivax in the suspected patient of district Karak. The current research study was conducted at Professional College of Medical Sciences Chokara Karak (affiliated with KMU) with collaboration of clinical laboratories of DHQ hospital KDA and Type “C” Hospital Takhti-e-Nasrati, District Karak. A total number of 100 samples were collected from different patients and screen for Plasmodium vivax infection. The data collection of patient also involved the use of predesigned questionnaires, which helps in the careful evolution and screening of each and every patient.  The blood samples were collected from each individual patient and added in EDTA tube. Further, the samples were screen and analyzed through RDT and staining method.  

The result interpretation shows that, the gender wise analysis exhibits that, P. vivax is highly frequent in male individual as compared to female. Among the male patients, 32 out of 42 were found positive for P. vivax, resulting in a positivity rate of 76.2%, while 10 (23.8%) were negative. In contrast, among the female patients, 40 out of 58 cases were positive, corresponding to a positivity rate of 69.0%, whereas 18 (31.0%) were negative. The overall prevalence of Plasmodium vivax infection was 72% among the studied suspected population while the age based data suggested that, the Plasmodium vivax is highly prevalent in adult at the age of 11-20 years while the lowest number of cases was observed in individuals above the age of 50 years. Additionally, it was observed that the Plasmodium vivax suspected Patient during four months from June 2023 to September 2023.

The month-wise analysis of this study revealed that the prevalence of malaria was notably higher during the months of August to September. Furthermore, it was observed that both urban and rural populations in Karak were affected by malaria, emphasizing the wide geographical distribution of the disease in the region. So we conclude that, the frequency of Plasmodium vivax is increases day by day due to different reason such as seasonal change issue, unawareness, No Hygiene, lack of facility and research, political instability and poor funding. We need further research to limits and restrict these challenges. So, the future research tendency will be to check and explore community based vaccine input.