A Clinical Study of the Correlation between Serum Electrolyte Disturbances and Electrocardiographic (ECG) Alterations in Hospitalized Patients

Abstract

This study examines the clinical correlation between serum electrolyte disturbances and electrocardiographic (ECG) alterations in hospitalized patients. Electrolyte imbalances, including abnormalities in sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium levels, are common in acute and chronic medical conditions and can significantly affect cardiac electrical activity. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate how variations in serum electrolyte levels are associated with specific ECG changes and their potential impact on patient outcomes. A quantitative, cross-sectional research design is employed using secondary hospital-based data. The dataset includes adult inpatients admitted to medical wards and intensive care units over a defined period. Key variables include serum electrolyte levels (Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺) and ECG parameters such as QT interval prolongation, ST-segment changes, T-wave abnormalities, and arrhythmias. Statistical methods, including correlation and regression analysis, are used to assess the relationship between biochemical abnormalities and ECG findings. The results indicate a significant association between electrolyte disturbances and ECG abnormalities. Hypokalemia and hyperkalemia are strongly linked with arrhythmic changes, while hypocalcemia is associated with QT interval prolongation. Patients with multiple electrolyte imbalances show a higher risk of severe cardiac electrical disturbances. Measurable outcomes include frequency of ECG abnormalities, strength of correlation coefficients between electrolyte levels and ECG changes, incidence of arrhythmias, and risk stratification scores for cardiac complications. The study emphasizes the importance of early detection and correction of electrolyte imbalances to prevent life-threatening cardiac events.

Key Words:

Electrolyte Disturbances, ECG Alterations, Cardiac Arrhythmia, Serum Electrolytes, QT Interval, Hospitalized Patients, Clinical Correlation.