Prevalence And Risk Factors Of Type 1 And Type 2 Diabetes. “A Comparative Study”

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. It is broadly classified into Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, which differ in etiology, risk factors, and clinical characteristics. The global burden of diabetes is rapidly increasing, making it a major public health concern.

Objective: The present study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus and to conduct a comparative analysis of both types among diabetic patients in a community setting.

Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the community of Hayatabad. Data were collected from 75 diabetic patients through household visits using a structured questionnaire. Convenience sampling was used for participant selection. Data were analyzed using SPSS, and results were presented in frequencies and percentages.

Results: Out of 75 participants, Type 2 diabetes was more prevalent (84.0%) compared to Type 1 diabetes (16.0%). Most patients were aged 56–70 years (34.7%) and were predominantly female (57.3%). A significant proportion of participants were housewives (50.7%) and physically inactive (62.7%). Other major risk factors included positive family history of diabetes (60.0%), overweight/obesity (50.6%), hypertension (68.0%), and high stress levels (70.0%). Most participants (77.3%) were on medication, and 57.3% monitored their blood glucose daily.

Conclusion: The study concludes that Type 2 diabetes is the dominant form of diabetes in the study population. Both modifiable (physical inactivity, obesity, diet, stress) and non-modifiable (age, family history) risk factors significantly contribute to the development of diabetes. Early screening, lifestyle modification, and health education are essential for prevention and control of diabetes mellitus.