Pregnancy Dietary Patterns and Risk of Pregnancy Outcomes

Abstract

Background: Maternal nutrition in pregnancy is very important in the determination of both maternal and neonatal outcomes. Instead of looking at specific nutrients, food pattern analysis gives an in-depth description of what is eaten and its relation to the pregnancy outcome. Purpose: The following purpose will help determine the correlation between eating patterns during pregnancy and the danger of poor pregnancy outcomes in women receiving care in the OBGYNE department of Peoples University of Medical & Health Sciences in Women. Methods: Cross-sectional study: The study took place at a hospital between July 2024 and December 2024. Non-probability consecutive sampling was used to enroll 120 pregnant women. A Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to evalu the dietary intake. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used as a means of coming up with dietary patterns. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between dietary patterns and pregnancy outcomes. Findings: Three big meal patterns were suggested: healthy, traditional and western. The healthy eating pattern was greatly linked with the lowering chances of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), anemia, and low birth weight. The western dietary pattern exhibited greater chances of showing deleterious events such as preterm birth and obtrusive gestational weight gain. Conclusion: Not only is the dietary habits in pregnancy very important, but it heavily impacts the maternal and neonatal outcomes. Healthy diets can be encouraged to minimize pregnancy complications.

Keywords: Pregnancy, Dietary patterns, Maternal nutrition, Pregnancy outcomes, GDM, Low birth weight.