Hysterosalpingograpy’s Role in Evaluating Tubal Pathologies among Infertile Women Aged 20+ in Rawalpindi

Abstract

The frequency and kind of tubal diseases in infertile women using hysterosalpingography (HSG) are investigated in this study. 101 infertile women's data were examined based on their age, length of marriage, type of infertility, menstrual cycle, symptoms, and HSG results. 39.6% of the women had been married for less than ten years, and the majority were between the ages of 31 and 35. The prevalence of primary infertility (58.4%) was slightly higher than that of secondary infertility (41.6%). 41.6% of respondents reported irregular menstruation, compared to 58.4% who claimed normal cycles. The most common symptom was pelvic pain (43.6%), which was followed by discharge and pelvic surgical history. The most common anomalies were bilateral and left-sided tubal occlusion (15.8% each), followed by hydrosalpinx and right-sided occlusion (11.9%). Additionally, observed were peritubal adhesions and salpingitis isthmica nodosa. Positive HSG results were significantly correlated with irregular menstruation. Bilateral and left occlusions were more frequently linked to secondary infertility, maybe as a result of prior pelvic infections. This study highlights the usefulness of HSG in detecting uterine and tubal abnormalities as crucial elements in the treatment of female infertility through early diagnosis and targeted intervention, despite its limitations.

KEYWORDS: Hysterosalpingograhy, Pelvic inflammatory diseases, Tube-ovarian abscess, Salpingitis Isthmica Nodosa, In vitro fertilization, Water-soluble contrast medium