COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF INFECTION CONTROL AMONG DENTAL HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS IN DENTAL SETTINGS OF PESHAWAR

Abstract

Infection control is a fundamental component of safe dental practice and plays a critical role in preventing the transmission of infectious diseases between patients and dental healthcare professionals (DHCWs). Dental professionals are frequently exposed to blood, saliva, aerosols, and sharp instruments, placing them at increased risk of occupational infections such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Although international guidelines for infection control are available, adherence remains inconsistent, particularly in developing regions. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) related to infection control among DHCWs in Peshawar, Pakistan. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 245 dental healthcare professionals, including dentists, dental technologists, and dental technicians, working in public and private dental institutions in Peshawar. Data were collected using a structured, validated, self-administered questionnaire covering demographic information and KAP related to infection control. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 24. Descriptive statistics were presented as frequencies and percentages, and the Chi-square test was used to assess associations between education level and KAP variables. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. While many participants showed awareness of infection control measures, practical compliance was inconsistent. Awareness of N95 mask use and advising patients for HIV/HBV/HCV testing was relatively high; however, adherence to practices such as mask change after each patient, use of sterilized drapes, and appropriate response to needle-stick injuries was inadequate. Vaccination coverage against HBV was suboptimal. Educational level significantly influenced infection control practices, with BDS professionals demonstrating better knowledge and safer practices compared to diploma holders and dental technologists (p < 0.001). The study highlights a clear gap between knowledge and practice of infection control among dental professionals in Peshawar. Targeted training programs, strict implementation of standard protocols, and continuous monitoring are essential to improve compliance and ensure patient and practitioner safety.