Prevalence, Characteristics And Risk Factors Of Inguinal Hernia In Peadrtic Patients Diagnosed Through Ultrasound

Abstract

Background: Inguinal hernia is a common condition in pediatric populations, often requiring accurate diagnosis to prevent complications such as incarceration or strangulation. Ultrasound has emerged as a non-invasive, reliable diagnostic tool for inguinal hernia in children, offering advantages such as real-time imaging and absence of radiation. This systematic review aims to synthesize existing evidence on the prevalence, risk factors, and Sonographic characteristics of inguinal hernia in pediatric patients.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted using PubMed, Research Gate, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2015 and 2024. Inclusion criteria comprised observational studies, cohort studies, and clinical trials focusing on ultrasound diagnosis of inguinal hernia in children. Exclusion criteria included animal studies, non-diagnostic studies, and case reports.

Results: Out of 10750 initially identified records, 30 studies met the inclusion criteria after screening and full-text review. The prevalence of inguinal hernia in pediatric populations ranged from 1% to 5%, with higher rates in preterm infants and males. Key risk factors included prematurity, male gender, and connective tissue disorders. Sonographic characteristics such as bowel loop protrusion, peritoneal fluid, and increased canal diameter were consistently reported.

Conclusion: Ultrasound is an effective diagnostic tool for pediatric inguinal hernia, with high sensitivity and specificity. Standardization of imaging protocols and further research on long-term outcomes are recommended to optimize clinical utility.